Local Level Lab

Airborne measurements. Open methods.

Final selected-stretch analysis summary

Of 53 selected stretches, the completed conditional shape comparisons favored globe in 12 and flat in 0. 41 remained unknown; 0 were unsupported.

The shape question comes first. These are conditional comparisons under assumed calibration and processing, not calibrated scientific detections. Overlapping instrument streams are not independent flights.

Shape and rotation

Conditional shape outcome Stretches
Globe 12
Flat 0
Unknown: unresolved fits 41
Unknown: conflicting or tied comparisons 0
Unsupported 0

Rotation is exposed only for resolved globe stretches. Across their processing cases, 24 favored rotating globe, 0 favored still globe and 0 tied. These are matched case comparisons, not independent votes.

Which calculations finished?

The following counts measure solver completion, not model support. A flat-disc calculation can finish while describing the flight much worse than a globe. The quality of matched fits determines the comparison; counting finished calculations does not.

188 calculations passed the stopping checks, 130 remained numerically unresolved and 0 returned an explicit error. 318 starts were charged against the 424-start limit.

Processing assumption Model Passed stopping checks Unresolved Error
No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe 25 28 0
No Earth-rate removal Still globe 39 14 0
No Earth-rate removal Flat disc 37 16 0
Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe 18 35 0
Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe 34 19 0
Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc 35 18 0

Convergence requires the numerical stopping and stationarity checks. A low residual alone is insufficient; an unresolved optimization cannot rule out its model.

Fully converged versus unresolved stretches

A fully converged stretch has all six required fits. Any unresolved or failed fit leaves its stretch in the unresolved group. Geometry was selected before any model comparison.

Group Stretches Total minutes Median duration (min) Median ground speed (km/h) IMU types (stretch counts)
fully converged 12 87.6 7.3 822.9 21: 12
unresolved 41 336.6 8.9 834.7 8: 2, 21: 39
unsupported 0 0 — — —

These are descriptive comparisons, not evidence that speed, duration or instrument type caused convergence. All selected stretches remain in the report.

Source recordings and tracks

Every stretch uses Applanix Group-4 IMU increments at nominal 200 Hz. IMU type is the logged type code, not a confirmed manufacturer/model. Exact original filenames, SHA-256 fingerprints, UTC bounds, mounting epochs and conversion details are in the stretch ledger. Receiver track points retain the dated positions without interpolation.

Stretch UTC start IMU type Minutes Ground speed min/median (km/h) GPS track (km) Shape
b365bdf39150ee6afc303ac1 2009-10-20T13:25:32.783556Z 8 9.8 841.4/849.1 137.3 unresolved
034547522e2d98947b598466 2009-10-20T13:23:57.047162Z 21 10.8 837.6/848.7 151.8 unresolved
3df34ea39a6cbdbe15bb0f36 2009-10-24T13:25:51.649791Z 8 11.1 851.9/858.0 158.3 unresolved
233183f67270980491416678 2009-10-24T13:25:59.003646Z 21 11.1 852.0/858.1 157.8 unresolved
c16df82d514fc69d11d941d2 2009-10-25T14:57:57.272991Z 21 10.8 839.8/843.1 151.1 unresolved
fad74da3a09951b31e882472 2009-10-27T13:28:57.062636Z 21 5.5 787.1/790.3 72.4 unresolved
0e73879f98c3b701fd7c42df 2009-10-29T13:26:58.932564Z 21 11.1 836.1/837.7 154.8 unresolved
fd7b81e48a4122b149c4925b 2009-11-05T14:40:28.063157Z 21 5.9 718.2/737.1 71.8 unresolved
7024120d59221e8eaf127084 2010-03-22T07:52:03.263559Z 21 7.3 801.8/820.7 98.9 globe
b4ab6e128de963c2ce69aa51 2010-03-29T13:06:37.134207Z 21 6.9 862.3/863.2 98.2 unresolved
7df21c836bec5751f83c0cce 2010-04-09T12:56:16.115058Z 21 4.1 834.3/841.7 56.5 unresolved
bb8061a43b4f14b6262ceda1 2010-04-14T12:41:33.104523Z 21 6.4 793.7/794.4 84.1 unresolved
48c1bfe2f1aeb31c9386841d 2011-10-08T15:00:19Z 21 7.1 891.4/904.5 106.5 unresolved
8bf60391909fe8988c23621a 2011-10-10T12:20:04.228661Z 21 6.3 788.1/796.4 82.8 unresolved
2791235ca0b11b1ef4386e21 2011-10-12T12:05:40Z 21 7.4 809.3/822.5 100.7 unresolved
2f7e37c48f3b4423c55662dd 2015-09-24T13:19:15.032273Z 21 9.4 741.4/755.6 117.6 globe
d9d91c8edba5721931856fc9 2015-09-24T12:47:53Z 21 7.3 788.8/793.6 96.7 unresolved
da346f70a6661ee42cecea19 2015-09-24T13:06:34Z 21 9.1 769.8/784.8 118.2 unresolved
e6629f14d2e03e471a446e06 2015-09-26T14:02:21.171782Z 21 9.2 791.9/798.3 121.6 unresolved
f7677e15295077fd8cfd3089 2015-09-26T13:25:00Z 21 7.3 820.0/825.2 100.4 globe
abe881b5c87cc878226a9aef 2015-09-26T14:01:50Z 21 8.9 791.9/797.8 118.5 globe
01177d345ecb28bcfdcc6a4f 2015-09-29T12:48:57.087609Z 21 8.5 884.6/888.0 125.4 unresolved
dac266ab5c198050d25b17f6 2015-09-29T12:47:39Z 21 8.9 884.6/887.9 131.0 unresolved
f50ff54d2e6175d2e8277823 2015-10-03T14:18:43.047077Z 21 9.1 881.4/894.0 135.0 unresolved
4fad619380ea429cbf6cbcc9 2015-10-03T14:01:56.618753Z 21 4.7 905.5/915.8 71.4 unresolved
d4e793dd58b79bf4d95c692b 2015-10-03T14:18:15Z 21 8.9 881.4/895.6 131.6 unresolved
570b37d23af5e245dd461051 2015-10-05T12:45:50Z 21 7.3 859.5/878.1 106.6 globe
8dacbcf9f1e2774318723460 2015-10-05T13:08:08Z 21 6.4 828.8/847.8 90.3 globe
a953c8ddf4fae255674de128 2015-10-07T13:27:51.097754Z 21 9.1 837.6/854.6 128.4 unresolved
711e7aade97a54f71ac5d9c5 2015-10-07T12:54:45.006409Z 21 5.6 755.1/772.6 70.8 globe
31d7e5019dfdc9e2e6387206 2015-10-07T13:27:38Z 21 8.9 837.7/854.2 125.7 globe
f66ab49757292bc3c396aba2 2015-10-10T14:14:55Z 21 9.3 900.7/913.9 141.4 unresolved
e543e7b6e878b96a1966dbb6 2015-10-10T13:51:59Z 21 7.1 816.6/823.4 96.8 unresolved
9f4d888995ab94bb8eff4df6 2015-10-10T14:12:28Z 21 9.2 900.7/914.2 139.4 unresolved
705de394963c8be15c580512 2015-10-12T13:26:58.778403Z 21 4.0 786.5/795.9 52.7 unresolved
74ec8f62cb621604ddcdde9c 2015-10-12T13:15:12Z 21 8.6 820.4/828.4 118.0 unresolved
a6e658d1550299e4eb9f00a3 2015-10-17T13:17:44Z 21 9.0 775.5/779.1 117.0 unresolved
8f2a00e9f13b367202e4d46a 2015-10-17T12:54:03Z 21 7.3 748.9/755.5 91.2 globe
8cc288f5de7e88878c04b7f1 2015-10-17T13:17:05Z 21 8.8 775.6/779.1 114.5 unresolved
50f24131843071ae9312c082 2015-10-20T13:17:24Z 21 9.2 749.7/753.8 115.5 unresolved
be1d75a0e47ff1c972865ba7 2015-10-20T12:54:29Z 21 7.2 752.0/761.1 91.8 unresolved
61e1b08da0912019eb521cd9 2015-10-20T13:15:17Z 21 8.9 746.7/754.1 111.5 unresolved
ec6effbf9b2172b1389afc96 2015-10-22T13:14:24Z 21 6.2 807.7/825.0 84.7 globe
c69d0a93113d86b5264f92eb 2015-10-22T12:53:27Z 21 7.2 712.0/726.5 86.7 globe
370cec66878c4c1cf84b4ceb 2015-10-25T13:14:25Z 21 9.2 811.8/816.9 124.9 unresolved
b4e44ddc0f130ecd45674c78 2015-10-25T12:52:41Z 21 7.2 822.0/824.9 98.8 unresolved
2eb8727803b318a39937e7ec 2015-10-25T13:09:19Z 21 9.0 811.8/823.6 122.2 unresolved
2a56eb8fa7d4e10c9a867bb0 2015-10-27T14:27:23Z 21 9.1 829.8/834.7 126.6 unresolved
f5c1fca513b9b40dffba93eb 2015-10-27T14:02:23Z 21 4.5 833.8/842.8 62.9 unresolved
013fdb894ff28509889a8896 2015-10-27T14:25:35Z 21 8.9 829.9/834.5 123.5 unresolved
5a642167dfb523f6c9cc284c 2015-10-29T13:16:56Z 21 9.2 868.4/879.9 134.4 unresolved
c028fde63f91c3f1067df4ad 2015-10-29T12:57:46Z 21 5.9 828.3/835.0 81.6 globe
7ee5e21c025360c970124eeb 2015-10-29T13:11:09.888451Z 21 8.9 883.6/892.4 131.7 unresolved

Track distance sums receiver-position steps using a 6,371 km spherical coordinate convention. It is a route description, not evidence for a globe. Ground speed is receiver speed; it is not true airspeed.

Partial comparisons in indeterminate stretches

These rows show only matched globe/disc pairs whose two fits converged. An unfinished fit is never treated as a losing model. A pairwise lean does not resolve the whole stretch or unlock a rotation decision. Numerical costs have no calibrated significance here.

Stretch Processing assumption Converged models Available shape lean
b365bdf39150ee6afc303ac1 No Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
b365bdf39150ee6afc303ac1 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
034547522e2d98947b598466 No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
034547522e2d98947b598466 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
3df34ea39a6cbdbe15bb0f36 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
3df34ea39a6cbdbe15bb0f36 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
233183f67270980491416678 No Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
233183f67270980491416678 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
c16df82d514fc69d11d941d2 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
c16df82d514fc69d11d941d2 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
fad74da3a09951b31e882472 No Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
fad74da3a09951b31e882472 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
0e73879f98c3b701fd7c42df No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
0e73879f98c3b701fd7c42df Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
fd7b81e48a4122b149c4925b No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
fd7b81e48a4122b149c4925b Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
b4ab6e128de963c2ce69aa51 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat
b4ab6e128de963c2ce69aa51 Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat
7df21c836bec5751f83c0cce No Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
7df21c836bec5751f83c0cce Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
bb8061a43b4f14b6262ceda1 No Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
bb8061a43b4f14b6262ceda1 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
48c1bfe2f1aeb31c9386841d No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
48c1bfe2f1aeb31c9386841d Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
8bf60391909fe8988c23621a No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
8bf60391909fe8988c23621a Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
2791235ca0b11b1ef4386e21 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
2791235ca0b11b1ef4386e21 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
d9d91c8edba5721931856fc9 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
d9d91c8edba5721931856fc9 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
da346f70a6661ee42cecea19 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
da346f70a6661ee42cecea19 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
e6629f14d2e03e471a446e06 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
e6629f14d2e03e471a446e06 Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe No converged shape pair
01177d345ecb28bcfdcc6a4f No Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
01177d345ecb28bcfdcc6a4f Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
dac266ab5c198050d25b17f6 No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
dac266ab5c198050d25b17f6 Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
f50ff54d2e6175d2e8277823 No Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
f50ff54d2e6175d2e8277823 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
4fad619380ea429cbf6cbcc9 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Flat fits better than still globe
4fad619380ea429cbf6cbcc9 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
d4e793dd58b79bf4d95c692b No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
d4e793dd58b79bf4d95c692b Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
a953c8ddf4fae255674de128 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Flat fits better than still globe
a953c8ddf4fae255674de128 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
f66ab49757292bc3c396aba2 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Flat fits better than still globe
f66ab49757292bc3c396aba2 Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
e543e7b6e878b96a1966dbb6 No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
e543e7b6e878b96a1966dbb6 Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat
9f4d888995ab94bb8eff4df6 No Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
9f4d888995ab94bb8eff4df6 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
705de394963c8be15c580512 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
705de394963c8be15c580512 Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Still globe fits better than flat
74ec8f62cb621604ddcdde9c No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Still globe fits better than flat
74ec8f62cb621604ddcdde9c Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
a6e658d1550299e4eb9f00a3 No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
a6e658d1550299e4eb9f00a3 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
8cc288f5de7e88878c04b7f1 No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
8cc288f5de7e88878c04b7f1 Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
50f24131843071ae9312c082 No Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
50f24131843071ae9312c082 Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
be1d75a0e47ff1c972865ba7 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
be1d75a0e47ff1c972865ba7 Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
61e1b08da0912019eb521cd9 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat
61e1b08da0912019eb521cd9 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
370cec66878c4c1cf84b4ceb No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe No converged shape pair
370cec66878c4c1cf84b4ceb Possible Earth-rate removal Flat disc No converged shape pair
b4e44ddc0f130ecd45674c78 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Still globe fits better than flat
b4e44ddc0f130ecd45674c78 Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Still globe fits better than flat
2eb8727803b318a39937e7ec No Earth-rate removal Still globe No converged shape pair
2eb8727803b318a39937e7ec Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
2a56eb8fa7d4e10c9a867bb0 No Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe No converged shape pair
2a56eb8fa7d4e10c9a867bb0 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
f5c1fca513b9b40dffba93eb No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
f5c1fca513b9b40dffba93eb Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
013fdb894ff28509889a8896 No Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
013fdb894ff28509889a8896 Possible Earth-rate removal None No converged shape pair
5a642167dfb523f6c9cc284c No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
5a642167dfb523f6c9cc284c Possible Earth-rate removal Rotating globe, Still globe, Flat disc Rotating globe fits better than flat; Flat fits better than still globe
7ee5e21c025360c970124eeb No Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe
7ee5e21c025360c970124eeb Possible Earth-rate removal Still globe, Flat disc Flat fits better than still globe

Case-by-case details preserve the available cost differences and unresolved models; fit details also preserve unfinished costs as diagnostics. They are not used to rank models whose fits have not converged.

Residuals and limits

Fit group Fits touching a parameter limit Fits using 200 evaluations Median RMS N/E/up (m)
converged 188 2 9.70/15.41/1.19
unresolved 129 103 1.08/1.52/0.92
failed 0 0 —

Residuals from unresolved fits describe unfinished solutions; they do not support model rejection. A converged fit at a parameter limit can still be sensitive to the assumed bounds. Smaller sections are fixed-parameter consistency checks, not extra trials.

Calibration offsets, onboard corrections, the integration clock and receiver uncertainty remain partly assumed. Numerical convergence does not establish model adequacy, a global optimum or a validated error rate. All scientific decisions still abstain.

Every stretch and every fit retain unresolved outcomes, solver messages and diagnostics. See selection criteria, methods and pilot findings.